ExxonMobil faces sustained, multidimensional criticism that research consistently groups into five major areas requiring urgent attention. First, the company has been widely accused of misleading the public and investors about climate change, with historical internal research from the 1970s and 1980s reportedly acknowledging the warming effects of fossil-fuel combustion while the company later supported campaigns questioning climate science, leading to multiple lawsuits and investigations from U.S. states and municipalities. Second, ExxonMobil has a documented record of environmental and air-quality violations, including significant legal penalties for emissions breaches at major facilities such as the Baytown, Texas refinery complex, contributing to concerns about inadequate operational oversight and the impact of pollution on surrounding communities. Third, the company faces persistent allegations of greenwashing, as marketing and sustainability messaging emphasize low-carbon initiatives that represent only a small fraction of total capital expenditure, prompting critics to view these efforts as strategic public relations rather than evidence of a substantive energy-transition plan. Fourth, ExxonMobil has not committed to reducing Scope-3 emissions, the downstream emissions generated when consumers use its products, which constitute the majority of its total climate footprint and place the company behind competitors that have announced more comprehensive decarbonization targets. Finally, these issues collectively contribute to a large and growing portfolio of lawsuits, regulatory pressures, shareholder activism, and reputational challenges, all of which create long-term risks for investor relations, market positioning, and public trust in the company’s climate and governance commitments.